Crime About
Crime
✅ 一、通用词(最常用)
单词 | 中文含义 | 使用场景 |
---|---|---|
crime | 犯罪 | 最常见,统称违法行为 |
offense / offence (英式拼写) | 违法行为,罪行 | 可指轻罪或重罪;法律/正式语 |
violation | 违反(法律、规则) | 一般指较轻的违法行为,如交通违法 |
wrongdoing | 不当行为,作恶 | 偏道德/宽泛,也可用于法律语境 |
lawbreaking | 违法行为 | 强调“违反法律”,多用于批评语境 |
✅ 二、法律/正式语境下
单词 | 中文含义 | 特点 |
---|---|---|
felony | 重罪(如谋杀、强奸、抢劫) | 美国法律术语,严重违法行为 |
misdemeanor | 轻罪(如扰乱治安、轻微盗窃) | 美国法律术语 |
criminal act / offense | 犯罪行为 | 法律书面语 |
transgression | 违法/违背(道德或法律) | 偏正式或宗教语境 |
infraction | 违反(轻微法律或规则) | 法律术语,如交通违章 |
delinquency | 青少年犯罪 | 常与 juvenile 搭配,正式 |
✅ 三、特定类型的犯罪(分类表达)
表达 | 中文含义 |
---|---|
violent crime | 暴力犯罪(如谋杀、强奸) |
white-collar crime | 白领犯罪(如贪污、诈骗) |
cybercrime | 网络犯罪 |
organized crime | 有组织犯罪(如黑帮活动) |
hate crime | 仇恨犯罪(基于种族、性别、宗教等) |
property crime | 财产犯罪(如盗窃、抢劫) |
drug-related crime | 与毒品相关的犯罪 |
juvenile crime / delinquency | 青少年犯罪 |
✅ 四、抽象表达(用于写作中升华表达层次)
表达 | 中文含义 |
---|---|
violation of law and order | 破坏法律与秩序 |
breach of legal norms | 违反法律规范 |
social deviance / deviant behavior | 社会偏差/越轨行为 |
criminality | 犯罪倾向;犯罪行为(不可数) |
unlawful behavior / act | 非法行为 |
✅ 写作高分句式举例(可套用)
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Crime rates have surged in urban areas due to social inequality and unemployment.
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White-collar crimes often go unnoticed but have devastating economic consequences.
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Juvenile delinquency has become a growing concern in modern societies.
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Cybercrime poses a serious threat to national security and personal privacy.
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Addressing the root causes of criminality is more effective than punitive measures alone.
如果你想写雅思作文或学术论文,我可以帮你设计段落结构、论点展开、替换高频词汇等。需要继续深化吗?
Criminal
✅ 一、通用类:最常见和广义的说法
单词 | 中文含义 | 使用场合 |
---|---|---|
criminal | 罪犯(广义) | 最常用,任何违法行为 |
offender | 犯罪者、违法者 | 可指轻微或严重违法行为,法律/司法用语 |
lawbreaker | 违法者 | 强调“破坏法律”,书面语 |
wrongdoer | 做坏事的人 | 偏道德层面,也可指非法行为(更宽泛) |
✅ 二、正式/书面语或法律术语类
单词 | 中文含义 | 特点 |
---|---|---|
transgressor | 违反道德/法律的人 | 偏正式/文学语,强调“越界” |
delinquent | 青少年违法者(尤指轻罪) | 常用于“juvenile delinquent” |
culprit | 犯罪者;问题的根源 | 也可指“罪魁祸首” |
perpetrator | 作案者,加害人 | 常用于严重犯罪(如谋杀、性侵等) |
malefactor | 犯罪者,作恶者 | 偏正式/文学语,带有恶意色彩 |
felon | 重罪犯 | 美国法律用语,指犯了felony的人 |
miscreant | 恶棍,无赖 | 正式/文学语,有鄙视意味 |
✅ 三、口语/新闻/非正式语境
单词 | 中文含义 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
crook | 骗子,坏蛋 | 非正式,常指诈骗类 |
thug | 暴徒,打手 | 带有暴力含义 |
con artist | 骗子(行骗高手) | “confidence artist” 的缩写 |
hooligan | 流氓,混混 | 尤指街头打架滋事者 |
✅ 四、特定类型犯罪者(分类词汇)
单词 | 中文含义 |
---|---|
murderer | 杀人犯 |
rapist | 强奸犯 |
arsonist | 纵火犯 |
burglar | 入室盗窃犯 |
robber | 抢劫犯 |
shoplifter | 商店行窃者 |
vandal | 故意破坏公物者 |
trafficker | 贩卖者(如毒品、人贩子) |
✅ 应用示例(作文/论文句式)
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The government should introduce rehabilitation programs for juvenile delinquents rather than merely punishing them.
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The perpetrator of the violent crime remains at large.
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Society must deal not only with criminals, but also with the root causes that create these offenders.
Punishment
✅ 一、通用类近义词(强调“惩罚”本身)
单词 | 中文 | 用法说明 |
---|---|---|
penalty | 惩罚、处罚 | 法律/正式语境常用,如 death penalty(死刑) |
sanction | 制裁、惩罚(正式) | 多用于国际法、经济或组织规则 |
discipline | 惩戒、纪律处分 | 强调教育目的,常用于学校、机构 |
correction | 矫正 | 更倾向“改正行为”,如 correctional facility(矫正设施) |
retribution | 报应、惩罚(带道德色彩) | 多用于文学或严肃语境,如 divine retribution(天谴) |
reprisal | 报复性惩罚 | 偏军事/政治语境,含“以牙还牙”之意 |
castigation | 严厉惩罚或批评(文学) | 书面语,偏严厉、公开羞辱 |
chastisement | 惩戒、责打(正式/文学) | 带身体惩罚意味,偏古典或宗教语境 |
✅ 二、搭配常见的正式表达(用于写作/论文)
表达 | 含义 |
---|---|
criminal penalty | 刑事惩罚 |
legal sanction | 法律制裁 |
disciplinary action | 纪律处分 |
punitive measure | 惩罚性措施 |
corrective action | 矫正措施 |
retributive justice | 报应式正义(强调以牙还牙) |
deterrent punishment | 震慑性惩罚 |
✅ 三、例句对比使用(帮助理解细微差别)
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The penalty for drunk driving has become more severe in recent years.
(酒驾的处罚近年来变得更严厉。) -
The United Nations imposed economic sanctions on the country for human rights violations.
(联合国对该国施加了经济制裁。) -
The student received disciplinary action for cheating on the exam.
(该学生因考试作弊受到了纪律处分。) -
Some argue that retributive justice only perpetuates a cycle of violence.
(有人认为报应式的正义只会延续暴力循环。)
✅ 四、适合雅思/托福/学术作文的高分句式
Governments should impose strict penalties on violent crimes to protect public safety.
Some experts advocate for corrective rather than punitive approaches to juvenile crime.
Excessive retributive punishment can undermine the principles of a just society.
Sanctions and legal penalties must be proportionate to the severity of the offense.
judgement
✅ 一、法律正式语境中的“判决”近义词
英文词汇 | 中文释义 | 使用场合 / 特点 |
---|---|---|
judgment / judgement | 判决、裁决 | 最通用,适用于所有法院裁定 |
verdict | 陪审团的裁决 | 尤指有陪审团审判的案件,常指“有罪/无罪” |
ruling | 裁定、判决 | 法官针对某个法律问题的决定,语气偏正式 |
decision | 裁定、裁决 | 泛指法庭或法官作出的决定,含义最广泛 |
sentence | 判刑(量刑) | 尤指对刑事案件的量刑,如“被判十年” |
decree | 法令、判决令 | 尤用于民事/行政法(如婚姻、监护等) |
order | 法院命令、判令 | 强调执行性,如“禁令”、“保护令”等 |
adjudication | 裁定、判决 | 法律术语,强调审理+裁决过程 |
disposition | 案件处理结果 | 尤指刑事/少年司法系统中的结案方式 |
✅ 二、搭配表达(地道短语)
搭配表达 | 含义 |
---|---|
pass a sentence | 宣布刑罚 |
deliver a verdict | 作出裁决(陪审团) |
issue a ruling | 发布裁定(法官) |
hand down a judgment | 作出判决(书面语) |
reach a verdict | 达成裁决 |
render a decision | 作出决定/裁定(正式) |
court order | 法院指令 |
final judgment | 终审判决 |
summary judgment | 简易判决(无须审判程序) |
✅ 三、应用例句(正式写作/法律英语)
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The court issued a ruling in favor of the defendant.
(法院作出了有利于被告的裁定。) -
The jury delivered a guilty verdict after two days of deliberation.
(陪审团在两天审议后做出有罪裁决。) -
He was sentenced to ten years in prison.
(他被判处十年监禁。) -
The judge handed down the final judgment this morning.
(法官今天上午作出了终审判决。) -
The case was resolved through summary adjudication.
(此案通过简易审理程序解决。)
✅ 四、适合写作中的表达替换(高分写法)
常见表达 | 高阶替换 |
---|---|
the judge made a decision | the judge rendered a ruling |
the court’s decision | the court’s judgment / verdict |
the punishment given | the sentence imposed |
the final result | the disposition of the case |
Writing Example
Phrase
- specific circumstances and motivation behind a crime
- decide the appropriate sentence
- judge each case individually based on intent and context
Sentence
- Personally, while fixed penalties may help maintain the consistency, it is more reasonable to judge each case individually based on intent and context.